Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via a small thoracotomy versus off-pump: a case-matched study.

OBJECTIVE The minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) operation performed via a small thoracotomy has not previously been examined in a direct comparison to sternotomy off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). METHODS We matched, according to age, gender, left ventricular function, and median number of distal anastomoses, 150 patients who underwent MICS CABG via small left thoracotomy, and 150 patients who received sternotomy OPCAB. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. RESULTS There was no perioperative mortality (0/300). In the MICS CABG group, pump assistance was used in 28/150 (19%) patients, and conversion to sternotomy occurred in 10/150 (6.7%) patients. In the OPCAB group, conversion to on-pump occurred in 3/150 (2.0%) patients. There were four (2.7%) reoperations for bleeding and one (0.7%) for anastomotic revision in each group. The median hospital length of stay was 5 days for MICS CABG (average 5.4), and 6 days for OPCAB (average 7.2) (P=0.02). New-onset atrial fibrillation occurred in 35 (23%) MICS CABG patients and in 42 (28%) OPCAB patients (P=0.3). No wound infection occurred with MICS CABG versus six (4.0%) with OPCAB (P=0.03). A self-limiting left pleural effusion developed in 22 (15%) MICS CABG patients and in six (4.0%) OPCAB patients (P=0.002). The median time to return to full physical activity was 12 days in MICS CABG patients versus >5 weeks in OPCAB patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS MICS CABG is a valuable alternative for patients in need of multivessel CABG. The operation appears at least as safe as OPCAB, and associated with shorter hospital length of stay, less wound infections, and faster postoperative recovery than OPCAB.